A decisão de cumprir com o acordo civil nuclear EUA-Índia. Disposições que levam ao Estado à sua execução
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i14.1846Palavras-chave:
Acordo 123 Índia-U.S., Cumprimento, Parceria estratégica, Segurança energética, Comércio NuclearResumo
O cumprimento dos compromissos internacionais pelos governos não tem sido equitativo; porém, a percepção de quais os países iriam respeitar tais acordos e quais não, e até que ponto, pode ser subjetiva. Alguns teóricos conjeturam que os EUA irão adoptar o acordo nuclear civil 123, assinado entre a Índia e os EUA, cujo principal objetivo é aprovisionar à Índia com o combustível nuclear. Por outro lado, existe a impressão de que a Índia não irá honrar seus respectivos compromissos – como por exemplo, manter as medidas de salvaguarda em suas instalações nucleares. O presente estudo, pelo meio da análise de um instrumento não vinculativo celebrado entre dois atores dessimétricos, tem o propósito de contribuir para um maior entendimento dos fatores conexos com o cumprimento dos acordos dentro do campo do comércio nuclear. Na base das teorias de cumprimento de Peter Haas, eu analiso a presença/relevância dos fatores institucionais e ideológicos internacionais que, juntamente com a política e as estruturas internas, podem influenciar a decisão do ator para cumprir. Posso concluir que é possível esperar que a Índia aperfeiçoe com maior compromisso as disposições do Tratado do que os EUA. Dependendo de alguns fatores institucionais ou ideológicos que interferem, pode ser que os EUA não possa ou não almeje cumprir com os acordos; sua vontade para cumprir poderia ser afetada, nomeadamente, por importantes atores nacionais interessados na aplicação da Lei Hyde, como evidenciado durante o processo de ratificação. Deste modo, ao contrário da visão tradicional, o Acordo 123 nem permite à Índia obtiver a segurança energética nem conclui com 34 anos de isolamento nuclear.
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González Segovia, O. (2014). A decisão de cumprir com o acordo civil nuclear EUA-Índia. Disposições que levam ao Estado à sua execução. Revista CS, (14), 201-242. https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i14.1846
