Una aproximación sociológica crítica activista al estudio de salud y migración: el caso ecuatoriano

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i29.3481

Palavras-chave:

migración, salud, agencia, activismo académico, feminismo, Sur-Norte, Ecuador

Resumo

Los procesos migratorios usualmente afectan el bienestar físico, mental y emocional de los migrantes y los familiares que se quedan en el lugar de origen. En este artículo, se presenta un análisis de los resultados preliminares obtenidos a través de una investigación interdisciplinaria, y aplicada basada en el estudio de migrantes ecuatorianos en Estados Unidos y España, y de familiares de migrantes y migrantes retornados en Ecuador.  Se discute como la utilización de un marco teórico-práctico sociológico crítico, feminista y activista permitió que los datos recolectados y la síntesis conceptual desarrollada aporten no sólo una visión transformadora al estudio tradicional de salud y migración, sino también eficaz para la prevención y el tratamiento de los problemas de salud derivados de la migración.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Biografia do Autor

  • Roberta Villalón, St. John’s University

    Profesora y directora del Departamento de Sociología y Antropología de la Facultad de Artes Liberales y Ciencias de St. John’s University (Estados Unidos).

Referências

Abraído-Lanza, Ana; Dohrenwend, Bruce; Ng-Mak, Daisy; Turner, Blake (1999). The Latino Mortality Paradox: a Test of the “Salmon Bias” and Healthy Migrant Hypotheses. American Journal of Public Health, 89(10), 1543-1548.

Achotegui, Joseba (2004). Emigrar en situación extrema: el síndrome del inmigrante con estrés crónico y múltiple (Síndrome de Ulises). Revista Norte de Salud Mental, 21, 39-52.

Achotegui, Joseba (2009). Ulysses Syndrome. The Immigrant Syndrome of Chronic and Multiple Stress. Barcelona: El mundo de la mente.

Acker, Joan (2006). Inequality Regimes Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4), 441-464.

Agustín, Laura (2006). Atreverse a cruzar fronteras: migrantes como protagonistas. Viento Sur, 87, 73-82.

Agustín, Laura (2007). Sex at the Margins: Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry. London: Zed Books.

Almeida-Filho, Naomar (1989). Epidemiologia Sem Números: Uma Introducao Crítica a Ciencia Epidemiológica. Rio de Janeiro: Campus.

Almeida-Filho, Naomar (2000). La ciencia tímida: ensayos de deconstrucción de la epidemiología. Buenos Aires: Lugar Editorial.

Biehl, João; Petryna, Adriana (2013). When People Come First: Critical Studies in Global Health. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Bourbeau, Philippe (2015). Migration, Resilience, and Security: Responses to New Inflows of Asylum Seekers and Migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(12), 1958-1977.

Breilh, Jaime (1977). Crítica a la interpretación capitalista de la epidemiología: un ensayo de desmitificación del proceso salud-enfermedad. México: UAM-X.

Breilh, Jaime (2003). Epidemiología crítica: Ciencia emancipadora e interculturalidad. Buenos Aires: Lugar Editorial.

Breilh, Jaime (2010a). Epidemiología: economía política y salud (7.ª ed.). Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional/Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar.

Breilh, Jaime (2010b). Las 3 `S` de la determinación de la vida: 10 tesis hacia una versión crítica de la determinación social de la vida y la salud. En Determinação Social da Saúde e Reforma Sanitária (pp. 87-125), editado por Roberto Nogueira. Rio de Janeiro: CEBES.

Breilh, Jaime (2013). La determinación social de la salud como herramienta de transformación hacia una nueva salud pública (salud colectiva). Rev Nac Salud Pública, 31(supl. 1), S13-S27.

Brown, Tim; Andrews, Gavin; Cummins, Steven; Greenhough, Beth; Lewis, Daniel; Power, Andrew (2017). Health Geographies: A Critical Introduction. Chichester, UK; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.

Cabieses, Baltica (2014). La compleja relación entre posición económica, estatus migratorio y resultados de salud. Value in Health Regional Issues, 5, 1-6.

Caplan, Susan (2007). Latinos, Acculturation, and Acculturative Stress: A Dimensional Concept Analysis. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 8(2), 93-106.

Castles, Stephen (2009). Development and Migration – Migration and Development: What Comes First? Theoria: A Journal of Political and Social Theory, 56(121), 1-31.

Castro, Arachu; Singer, Merrill (Eds.), (2004). Unhealthy Health Policy: A Critical Anthropological Examination. Maryland: Altamira Press.

Cho, Sumi; Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams; McCall, Leslie (2013). Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis. Signs, 38(4), 785-810.

Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams (1995). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. En Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement (pp. 357-383), editado por Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw; Neil Gotanda; Garry Peller; Kendall Thomas. New York: The New Press.

Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams; Gotanda, Neil; Peller, Garry; Thomas, Kendall (Eds.), (1995). Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement. New York: The New Press.

Cuestas, Fedra (2011). Sobre locura y emigración en el mundo globalizado. Psicoperspectivas, 10(1), 21-45. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-69242011000100003&lng=es&tlng=es. 10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol10-Issue1-fulltext-137

Donnangelo, Maria Cecília (1979). Saúde e sociedade. Sao Paulo: Duas Cidades.

Eschbach, Karl; Ostir, Glenn; Patel, Kushang; Markides, Kyryakos; Goodwin, James (2004). Neighborhood Context and Mortality Among Older Mexican Americans: Is There a Barrio Advantage? American Journal of Public Health, 94(10), 1807-1812.

Esterberg, Kristin (2002). Qualitative Methods in Social Research. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Falconí-Trávez, Diego (Ed.), (2014). “Me fui a volver”: narrativas, autorías y lecturas teorizadas de las migraciones ecuatorianas. Quito: Corporación Editora Andina/Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar.

Farmer, Paul (2001). Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Farmer, Paul; Kleinman, Arthur; Yong-Kim, Jim; Basilico, Matthew (Eds.), (2017). Reimagining Global Health: An Introduction. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Freund, Peter; McGuire, Meredith; Podhurst, Linda (2002). Health, Illness, and the Social Body: A Critical Sociology (4.ª ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Geraci, Salvatore (2006). La syndrome di Salgari 20 anni doppo. Janus. Medicina: Cultura, Culture, 21, 21-29.

Glenn, Evelyn (2000). Citizenship and Inequality: Historical and Global Perspectives. Social Problems, 47(1), 1-20.

Hale, Charles (Ed.), (2008). Engaging Contradictions: Theory, Politics, and Methods of Activist Scholarship. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Haney-Lopez, Ian (1996). White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race. New York: New York University Press.

Hankivsky, Olena; Christoffersen, Ashlee (2008). Intersectionality and the Determinants of Health: A Canadian Perspective. Critical Public Health, 18(3), 271-283.

Herrera, Gioconda (Coord.), (2008). Ecuador: la migración internacional en cifras. Quito: UNFPA/FLACSO.

Hill-Collins, Patricia (1986). Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought. Social Problems, 33(6), S14-S32.

Hill-Collins, Patricia (1998). Fighting Words: Black Women and the Search for Justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Hing, Bill Ong (2004). Defining America Through Immigration Policy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Horvath, Steve; Gurven, Michael; Levine, Morgan; Trumble, Benjamin; Kaplan, Hillard; Allayee, Hooman; Ritz, Beate…; Assimes, Themistocles (2016). An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease. Genome Biology, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1030-0

Illingworth, Patricia; Parmet, Wendy (2017). The Health of Newcomers: Immigration, Health Policy, and the Case for Global Solidarity. New York: NYU Press.

International Organization for Migration (2013). International Migration, Health and Human Rights. Geneve: IOM.

International Organization for Migration (2018). Migration Health Annual Report 2016. Geneve: IOM.

Iriart, Celia; Waitzkin, Howard; Breilh, Jaime; Estrada, Alfredo; Merhy, Emerson Elías (2002). Medicina social latinoamericana: aportes y desafíos. Rev Panam Salud Publica/Pan Am J Public Health, 12(2), 128-136.

Jaggar, Alison (2008). Just Methods: An Interdisciplinary Feminist Reader. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.

Johnson, Kevin (2007). Opening the Floodgates: Why America Needs to Rethink its Borders and Immigration Laws. New York: New York University Press.

Jokisch, Brad (2014). Ecuador: From Mass Emigration to Return Migration? Migration Policy Institute. Recuperado de http://migrationpolicy.org/article/ecuador-mass-emigration-return-migration

Krieger, Nancy (2012). Epidemiology and the People’s Health: Theory and Context. New York: Oxford University Press.

La Parra-Casado, Daniel; Mateo-Pérez, Miguel Ángel; Albert-Guardiola, María Carmen; López, Susana (2007). Estado de salud y demanda de servicios de salud de la población ecuatoriana en España. Inguruak, 44, 193-208. Recuperado de http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2572553

Lara, Mariaelena; Gamboa, Cristina; Kahramanian, M. Iya.; Morales, Leo S.; Hayes-Bautista, David E. (2005). Acculturation and Latino Health in the United States: A Review of the Literature and its Sociopolitical Context. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 367-397.

Laurell, Asa Cristina (1982). La salud-enfermedad como proceso social. Revista Latinoamericana de Salud, 2, 7-25.

Mahmood, Saba (2001). Feminist Theory, Embodiment, and the Docile Agent: Some Reflections on the Egyptian Islamic Revival. Cultural Anthropology, 12, 202-236.

Mani, Lata (1998). Contentious Traditions: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Martínez-Andrade, Luis (2019). Feminismos a la contra: entre-vistas al sur global. Santander: La Vorágine.

Menon, Ritu; Bhasin, Kamla (1998). Borders and Boundaries: Women in India's Partition. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.

Meñaca, Arantxa (2006). Familias rotas y problemas de salud. La medicalización de las familias migrantes ecuatorianas. Quaderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia, 22, 161-178.

Miranda, Jeanne; Siddique, Juned; Der-Martirosian, Claudia; Belin, Thomas (2005). Depression among Latina Mothers Separated from their Children. Psychiatric Services, 56(6), 717-720.

Mooney, Erin (2005). The Concept of Internal Displacement and the Case for Internally Displaced Persons as a Category of Concern. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 24(3), 9-26.

Naples, Nancy (2003). Feminism and Method: Ethnography, Discourse Analysis, and Activist Research. New York: Routledge.

Navarro, Vicente (2009). What We Mean by the Social Determinants of Health. International Journal of Health Services, 39(3), 423-441.

Navarro, Vicente; Shi, Leiyu (2001). The Political Context of Social Inequalities and Health. Social Science & Medicine, 52(3), 481-491.

Nazroo, James Y. (2003). The Structuring of Ethnic Inequalities in Health: Economic Position, Racial Discrimination, and Racism. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 277-284.

Ong, Aihwa (1999). Cultural Citizenship as Subject Making: Immigrants Negotiate Racial and Cultural Boundaries in the U.S. En Race, Identity, and Citizenship: A Reader (pp. 262-293), editado por Rodolfo D. Torres; Louis F. Mirón; Jonathan Xavier Inda. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Organización Mundial de la Salud (2017). Preguntas frecuentes sobre salud y migración. Recuperado de https://www.who.int/features/qa/88/es/

Ortner, Sherry (2006). Anthropology and Social Theory: Culture, Power and the Acting Subject. Durham: Duke University Press.

Pribilsky, Jason (2004). "Aprendemos a convivir": Conjugal Relations, Co-parenting, and Family Life Among Ecuadorian Transnational Migrants in New York and The Ecuadorian Andes. Global Networks, 4, 313-334.

Pribilsky, Jason (2007). La Chulla Vida: Gender, Migration and the Family in Andean Ecuador and New York City. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.

Ramírez, Jacques (2013). La política migratoria en Ecuador: rupturas, tensiones, continuidades y desafíos. Quito: Editorial IAEN.

Raphael, Dennis (2009). Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives. Toronto: Canadians’ Scholars Press.

Renzaho, Andre (Ed.), (2016). Globalisation, Migration and Health: Challenges and Opportunities. Londres: Imperial College Press.

Ríos-Marín, Alexandra; Hernández-Londoño, Lina. (2014) Descripción de procesos migratorios en Almería-España y su repercusión en la salud mental. Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 32(supl. 1), S67-S77.

Roberts, Dorothy (2002). Shattered Bonds: The Color of Child Welfare. New York: Basic Civitas Books.

Romero, Mary (2008). Crossing the Immigration and Race Border: A Critical Race Theory Approach to Immigration Studies. Contemporary Justice Review, 11(1), 23-37.

Romero, Mary (2011). The Maid's Daughter: Living Inside and Outside the American Dream. New York: New York University Press.

Rubalcava, Luis. N.; Teruel, Graciela; Thomas, Duncan; Goldman, Noreen (2008). The Healthy Migrant Effect: New Findings from the Mexican Family Life Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 98(1), 78-84.

Samaja, Juan (1992) Epistemología y epidemiología. Campinas: Congreso Brasileño de Epidemiología.

Sanchez, Gabriella; Romero, Mary (2010). Critical Race Theory in the US Sociology of Immigration. Sociology Compass, 4, 779-788.

Sayad, Abdelmalek (2007). The Suffering of the Immigrant. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Segato, Rita (2003). Las estructuras elementales de la violencia. Ensayos sobre género entre la antropología, el psicoanálisis y los derechos humanos. Buenos Aires: Prometeo/Universidad Nacional de Quilmes.

Segato, Rita (2016). La crítica de la colonialidad en ocho ensayos. Buenos Aires: Prometeo.

Shayne, Julie (Ed.), (2014). Taking Risks: Feminists, Activism, and Activist Research in the Americas. Albany: SUNY Press.

Singer, Merrill; Baer, Hans (2017). Critical Medical Anthropology (2.ª ed.). New York: Routledge.

Southwick, Steven; Bonanno, George; Masten, Ann; Panter-Brick, Catherine; Yehuda, Rachel (2014). Resilience Definitions, Theory, and Challenges: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338

Spivak, Gayatri (1988). Can the Subaltern Speak? En Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271-313), editado por Cary Nelson. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

The Health Initiative of the Americas (2017). The Health Initiative of the Americas Fact Sheet. Berkeley: School of Public Health. Recuperado de https://hiaucb.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/hia_factsheet_2pages_nov2017_spanish.pdf

Turra, Cassio; Elo, Irma (2008). The Impact of Salmon Bias on the Hispanic Mortality Advantage: New Evidence from Social Security Data. Population Research and Policy Review, 27(5), 515-530.

Ullman, Heidi; Goldman, Noreen; Massey, Douglass (2011). Healthier Before They Migrate, Less Healthy when they Return? The Health of Return Migrants in Mexico. Social Science and Medicine, 73(3), 421-428.

Villalón, Roberta (2010a). Violence against Latina Immigrants: Citizenship, Inequality, and Community. New York: New York University Press.

Villalón, Roberta (2010b). Passage to Citizenship and the Nuances of Agency: Latina Battered Immigrants. Women’s Studies International Forum, 33(6), 552-560.

Villalón, Roberta (2011). Feminist Activist Research and Strategies from within the Battered Immigrant Women’s Movement. Interface: a journal for and about social movements, 3(2), 246-270.

Villalón, Roberta (2014). Latina Battered Immigrants, Citizenship and Inequalities: Reflections on Activist Research. En Taking Risks: Feminists, Activism, and Activist Research in the Americas (pp. 245-277), editado por Julie Shayne. Albany: SUNY Press.

Villalón, Roberta (2015). Violence Against Immigrants in a Context of Crisis: A Critical Migration Feminist of Color Analysis. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 24(3), 116-139.

Waitzkin, Howard; Iriart, Celia; Estrada, Alfredo; Lamadrid, Silvia (2001). Social Medicine Then and Now: Lessons from Latin America. American Journal of Public Health, 91(10), 1592-1601.

Williams, Gareth (2003). The Determinants of Health: Structure, Context and Agency. Sociology of Health & Illness, 25(3), 131-154.

World Health Organization (2019). Promoting the Health of Refugees and Immigrants: Draft Global Action Plan 2019-2023. Report by the Director-General. Recuperado de https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA72/A72_25-en.pdf

Publicado

2019-09-23

Como Citar

Villalón, R. (2019). Una aproximación sociológica crítica activista al estudio de salud y migración: el caso ecuatoriano. Revista CS, (29), 103-138. https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i29.3481